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Essays, playbooks, and short notes on software, digital marketing, and start-up operating. One new piece each week.

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Hiring a Fractional CTO: The Scope, Cadence, and Red Flags

I have been the fractional CTO for over 20 SMB and SaaS companies at various stages. I have also watched founders hire the wrong person for this role repeatedly, in ways that are entirely predictable and largely preventable. This note covers what the role actu

Hiring Your First Engineer: The Trial Project That Actually Predicts Performance

The standard software engineering interview was designed to filter hundreds of candidates for a large company with predictable, well-scoped work. It was not designed for a three-person startup with an ambiguous problem and a codebase that changes direction eve

The First 90 Days as a Solo Technical Founder: A Week-by-Week Playbook

The first 90 days as a solo technical founder are the most leveraged and most wasted period in any startup's life. You have no customers to disappoint, no investors to report to, and no team to coordinate. You have total freedom and total ambiguity. Almost eve

Why 'Talk to Customers' Is Bad Advice, and the Five-Question Interview That Replaces It

"Talk to your customers" is the most repeated piece of startup advice and one of the least actionable. I have told founders this myself, in exactly those words, and then watched them come back from ten customer conversations having learned almost nothing usefu

Cofounder Disputes: The Operating Agreement Clauses Most Templates Forget

Most cofounder disputes are not about personality. They are about ambiguity. Two people build a company together, write an LLC operating agreement (or do not write one), and then discover at a critical moment that they have different assumptions about who owns

The Pre-Seed Stack: What to Build Yourself, What to Buy, What to Skip Entirely

The first engineering decision at most startups is made wrong. Not because the founders are inexperienced, but because the framing is off. "What should we build?" is the wrong question. The right question is: what is the smallest set of things we must build to

Equity Splits That Survive Five Years: A Framework Beyond Let's Just Go 50/50

The 50/50 split is not a decision. It is a postponed decision. Two founders who cannot agree on relative contribution, relative risk, and relative future commitment choose 50/50 because it avoids a conversation they are not ready to have. The problem is that t

Building With the Claude Agent SDK: Production Patterns for 2026

The Claude Agent SDK is Anthropic's higher-level layer for building agents. handling the loop, tool execution, session management, and the surrounding infrastructure that you'd otherwise build yourself. Combined with Opus 4.7's improvements in long-running sta

Building Production Agents with Claude Opus and Tool Use

The gap between "an LLM with tool use" and "a production agent that does real work" is wider than the demos suggest. The model can call your tools. but making it do so reliably, recovering when tools fail, knowing when to stop, and shipping outputs your users

Runway Math for Non-Finance Founders: The Spreadsheet I Wish I'd Had at Seed

Most non-finance founders get their first real lesson in runway math from an investor who says "your burn looks high." By that point, you are usually three months from the problem, not three months from the solution. I have acted as the de facto CFO (through t